Wednesday, November 27, 2019
How to Deal With Having No Friends in College
How to Deal With Having No Friends in College So, you are almost ready to head off to college? It is an exciting time in any student’s life – you get to leave high school behind and embark on a new adventure. However, it can also be a daunting prospect for many people. While in high school, you have had several years to build up your group of friends and now it is likely that you are all headed off to different colleges – maybe even hundreds of miles apart. What are you going to do if you end up making no friends in college as a freshman? Believe it or not, this is something that even the most confident of people worry about! That’s why we have put together a few tips for how to deal with I have no friends in college situation. Start with the Classroom The most obvious place to start if you need to find new friends is in your classroom. Talk to your classmates – after all, you are doing the same course, so you must have at least one shared interest? A great way to make friends with classmates is to form a study group. This is a win-win situation since you are going to have support when exams and assignments roll around plus you get the chance to get to know people better and perhaps form some deeper friendships. Assignments and exam prep are sure to give you something to bond over and if that isn’t the basis for a lasting friendship we don’t know what is! If you still havent chosen classes you are going to attend, consider the most fun classes. How Do You End Up with No Friends in College? As we have already noted, most people starting college will be coming to campus without their high school friends (you will miss them so much, wont you?) However, there can be other reasons why college students find themselves without friends on campus. Perhaps you have transferred from another school mid-semester? Did you change your major and now have a totally different schedule to your former course mates? It could even be that you just want to break away from your current social group due to differing goals or opinion. Whatever the reason for your limited social circle, there are plenty of ways to make new friends. Join a Club or Society If you have no friends in college as a sophomore, then it is time to put yourself out there and start meeting new people. One of the great things about college is that you will find a wide variety of extra-curricular clubs and societies. Think about what sort of activities you enjoy or subjects you would like to learn more about and see if there is a suitable club you can join. This is going to give you direct access to people who share similar interests giving you a great foundation on which to build a friendship. It might take a few weeks to start fitting in to an existing group, but before long you will be inviting other members for coffee or other social activities. Get to Know Others in Your Dorm If you find yourself with no friends in college and you are staying on campus, then your dorms are a great place to start. Aside from your room-mate, make an effort to talk to others on your hall or even on other floors. It is common for dorms to hold social events in the common area from time to time, so make an effort to attend. Even if there are no scheduled events in your dorm you should make a point of spending time in the lounge, so you can meet others living in the building. Maybe you could even think about throwing a dorm party on your own? Look for Friends in Library or Cafeteria It is also important NOT to spend all of your time in the dorms. Make an effort to go out around campus. Study in the library instead of in your room. Eat your lunch outside on a nice day and strike up a conversation with others who are doing the same. You won’t make new friends if you don’t make the effort to get out and meet people. You can’t do that hiding away in your dorm! Don’t Be Afraid to Look Off Campus If you have no friends in college, don’t be afraid to try looking off campus. Check out local coffee shops, cafes and restaurants off campus and you might meet some cool people. You could also try volunteering somewhere or going to concerts and events off campus. You might be surprised how many people from college hang out in these places too – plus its good to get away from school from time to time! Always Remember You Are Not Alone It can feel like you are the only person on campus who has no friends in college, but the truth is that you are not alone. Even although it seems like everyone else is having a blast surrounded by great friends, you are certainly not the only one struggling with socializing. Never forget that it is perfectly natural to feel out of place in a new environment. Remember that: Others are in the same boat and are nervous about finding new friends at college too. Try not to make such a big deal out of finding new friends. Just take the time to go out and have fun, meet new people and you will naturally start to build relationships with people. Don’t be scared to talk to people. Strike up a conversation and suggest hanging out together. Others feel as much nervous about finding new friends at college as you. All it takes is for one of you to make the first move. If you need even more help with not making friends in college, you should also read our post on how not to be an outcast in college. In conclusion, there is no need to be too concerned about ending up being that one person with no friends in college. It is likely that you are going to find a much more diverse group of people on campus than you encountered at high school which is going to make it easier to find people you have something in common with. Take some time out to socialize and you will soon find some like-minded people to hang with.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
How to write a medical billing resume (with examples)
How to write a medical billing resume (with examples) If you’re interested in starting (or growing a career) in the mega-hot healthcare industry but are interested in a more administrative path, medical billing can be a great choice. Medical billing professionals handle the financial side of healthcare, translating medical charts into billing codes that are then sent to insurance companies or patients. Let’s look at three different job applicants’ medical billing resumes: one just starting out, another with experience under her belt, and a third who’s looking to move into a managerial position.First up is Amanda, our medical billing newbie.Download this resumeAmanda Brinker3298 First StreetLincoln, NE 12121(333) 111-2222Amanda.Brinker.III@emaildomain.comOrganized, Efficient Recent Grad with Administrative ExperienceKEY STRENGTHSCompleted medical billing and terminology certificate programProficient in evaluating and processing insurance claimsExperienced working as an admin in a medical clinicWell-versed in E MR and current medical billing technologyEDUCATION/CERTIFICATIONNebraska South College; Associate’s Degree, Health Information ManagementAwards/Honors: Dean’s List, graduated in top 10th percentileEXPERIENCEMidwest Animal Clinic (Lincoln, NE)    Jan. 2016 – presentOffice AssistantPerform administrative support in a veterinary medical clinic.Process patient information and charts.Answer phones and handle waiting room triage.Schedule appointments and manage calendars.Provide customer care and information.The Oppenheimer Group (Lincoln, NE)Sept. 2017 – Dec. 2017Claims InternProvided administrative support for the Claims department of a large insurance company.Processed insurance claims, verifying information and routing to the appropriate team members.Maintained and enhanced a digital claim filing system.Amanda doesn’t yet have a ton of experience working in medical billing yet, but she does have a few things going for her: she’s c ompleted a training program, she has experience working in a medical office (albeit a veterinary one), and she also has experience working at an insurance company in an internship. In her resume, she wants to play up those important features, so she starts with a â€Å"Key Strengths†section that helps focus the reader on what she brings to this job. By setting the narrative herself rather than doing the standard reverse-chronological resume format (putting experience first), Amanda is making sure that the information she wants the reader to see most is front and center.Next up is Joe, who has been a medical billing professional for about 10 years.Download this resumeJoe Lightfoot7676 Francis Street * Pawnee, Indiana 56565 * 999-222-1111JoeQLightfoot@emaildomain.comCore Competencies ICD-9 expertiseProven accuracy and attention to detailExpert knowledge of medical billing security and encrypted data managementAdept at communicating with patients, medical staff, and administ rative staffExperienceMetro Hospital                                                                   Pawnee, INMedical Billing Specialist                                                     2011 – presentManage and coordinate billing for patients.Administer an active company-wide database of patient and insurance information.Encrypt medical service charges using ICD-9 code system.Oversee the distribution of bills to patients and insurance companies.Mentor new employees and department interns as part of Metro’s talent development initiative.Indiana North University Hospital                                 Shaw, INMedical Billing Clerk                                                            2008 – 2011Ensured accuracy and data security of patient information and billing codes.Processed statements and invoices through the AccuCare medical billing system.Tracked submitted claims, including instituting tracers as necessary.Developed expertise in all commercial, private, and managed care insurance programs, including Medicare and Medicaid.Office of Janet M. Arroyo, MD                    Pawnee, INAssistant Billing Clerk                                                          2007 – 2008Processed and marked patient charts for coding and billing.Filed patient records and submitted claims.Assisted senior billing clerk with audits, coding, and electronic claim submission.Farley Medical Supply                                                       Pawnee, INBookkeeper                                                                           2005 – 2007Processed vendor invoices to ensure prompt, accurate payments.Issued customer invoices.Recorde d cash receipts and made bank deposits.Maintained detailed logs and the chart of accounts.SkillsExemplary record keepingFocus on customer data accuracy and information securityWorking knowledge of all insurance types and ongoing regulation changesElectronic medical record maintenanceMicrosoft Office suite expertiseEducation and CertificationBrady College (Parkville, IN)AAS, Medical Billing and Coding, 2007AAS, Business Management, 2005Joe goes with a more traditional format (the reverse-chronological format, which features experience most prominently). It works well for his resume, because he has years of experience to feature. However, he starts with a list of core competencies to guide the reader toward specific aspects of his career so far. His experience bullets support those points as well. And he’s also careful not to repeat bullet points, even though there may not have been huge differences between his medical billing jobs. It’s important to differentiate as muc h as you can, finding unique points to highlight for each of your positions.And last but not least, here’s Abdullah, who is trying to level up in her medical billing career by moving into a management position.Download this resumeAbdullah Hernandez75 Market BoulevardTarrytown, NY 43434222.444.6666A.F.Hernandez@emaildomain.comExperienced, results-oriented medical billing specialist seeking to leverage 15+ years of administrative excellence into a supervisory position.Core CompetenciesEnsuring the highest-quality coding and billing work from self and team membersDeveloping workflow processes and protocols to ensure billing and coding accuracyTalent development and managementBilingual (English and Spanish)ExperienceMedical Billing Specialist            County General Hospital6/2013 – presentÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â à ‚                              New Rochelle, NYEstablish and implement guidelines for medical providers to ensure data accuracy.Work with Billing Supervisor to determine team assignments.Developed a cross-checking system with the front office to ensure that patient data is complete and accurate for claims processing.Oversee regular reporting to ensure that claims are processed and sent out on schedule.Manage database of insurance information, hospital procedure data, and billing codes.Billing Clerk                                State VA Hospital3/2010 – 6/2013                                                                Albany, NYVerified patient information and payments, following up with Collections procedures when necessary.Researched and resolved denials and rejections in a timely manner.Reviewed billing edits and verified patient information with insurance companies.Submitted claims to Medicare/Medicaid with the highest degree of accuracy.Medical Billing Clerk                    Anson Health Center7/2008 – 3/2010                                                                Albany, NYCoordinated bills for patients, routing them to patients and insurance companies.Resolved billing issues and disputes.Processed worker’s compensation claims.Transitioned the clinic t o a digitized filing system for claims and billing.Medical Billing Assistant               HealthPoint Services5/2003 – 3/2010                                                                Albany, NYObtained and processed patient charts and medical records for billing purposes.Verified patient information as necessary.Maintained patient information database.Organized, scanned, and copied patient charts for billing and archiving.Technical SkillsICD-9 coding systemAccuBill database managementMicrosoft Office suiteGoogle suite Education/AffiliationsAmerican Society of Medical Billing ProfessionalsSecretary, Hudson Valley Chapter2015 – presentHuntville CollegeBachelor’s Degree, Health ManagementAssociate’s Degree, Medical Coding and BillingAbdullah has a sizable work history, but because she’s seeking to move up it’s important to emphasize not just that she has the experience and skills, but also the upward trajectory in her career. She does this by emphasizing the standards she holds for herself and others in the â€Å"Core Competencies†section, and by showing increasing levels of sophistication and responsibility throughout her different jobs. The old clichà © applies here: show, don’t tell. Make sure your resume supports the job you want, not just the jobs you’ve had.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Introducing New Products and Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Introducing New Products and Services - Essay Example The company aims to provide the superior buying experience to its customers and as a result the company wants to launch its official website where all their items would be available. The company felt the importance of launching its website because of the changing trends, technology and the wide use of internet (Chang, & Tseng, 2011). The demand of the online shopping has been increasing in recent times and it has encouraged the company to introduce its own official website (Ganesh, Reynolds, Luckett, & Pomirleanu, 2010). SITE MAP: Summary of the overall pages or the sitemap of the website is presented below: Main Page: Paul Royce, the marketing executive of the Company, told that the home page would include all the features of the company including men’s and women’s clothing. The site will contain a weekly magazine and accessories including detail information regarding the current fashion. Historical facts about some fashion and garments would be presented on the pages of the products. The website will contain colorful photos and videos of the clothing. Videos will contain the styling tips of men and women by some of the fashion designers. These videos will not be more than one minute in order to make customers comfortable and not making them stressed out while searching for products. This way customer will remain updated of the Company. The company provides online shopping of footwear, having all types of categories for example from casual to formal. Consumers can gain access to all types of footwear without wasting their time by visiting the retail shops. The mockup of the main page of the site is presented below: With introducing online shopping, customers could have an ease of access and could save their time. To appeal men and women, the company would feature profiles of real life for example the presentation of the person wearing stylish clothes. The site would be open and will contain mini video clips with style. The company would aim to de liver the orders on the same day in UK. Deliveries of the product will be arrived in a lush package rapped in a tissue paper under the box. The website would contain all the sizes available regarding clothing and footwear. The customers would also be informed of the unavailability of products, for example product size, color etc. Prices of the product would be tagged along. Layout and design of the website play an important factor in the consumer experience (Ha, & Stoel, 2012). The logo of the brand would be placed at the left top corner of the site which would gain the attention of the customers. The company site will include the payment methods of net banking through ATM and credit cards. The company in order to attract more customers towards their online shopping introduced a delivery package, the deliver package is a new strategy developed by the company which states that customers would pay for their orders after the delivery. Which means that the Company wants to give its cust omer maximum level of satisfaction, making customer to pay when they are satisfied. The company targets the middle and upper class and feels the importance of their online shopping site, as it is observed by that higher levels of income and education correspond more to an online shopping. The company will provide wide range of clothing and footwear providing the customers with wide variety of options regarding their consideration. The main sections of the home page are:
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Critical Analysis of College is a Waste of Time and Money Essay
Critical Analysis of College is a Waste of Time and Money - Essay Example It is clearly identifiable from the article that Bird has not expressed her views about college based learning for shock value merely, rather she actually has a firm conviction at heart that colleges in majority of the cases turn out to be a mere waste of wads of cash and many hours and she actually makes every effort in her article to defend this viewpoint. Though this article managed in satiating the minds of many thinkers out there who believe that earning a bachelor’s degree by making big commitments to the colleges in terms of time and money is an ineffective and rather clumsy way to get the real training, still many teachers and students themselves have reacted strongly negatively to Bird’s take on college based learning which is quite understandable. Now, there are two important things worth considering before getting all judgmental in this regard. First, if we think about the established reality which projects that the kind of role played by a teacher or scholar holds monumental importance and value for behavioral modification and general wellbeing of a student, the approach used by Bird to assess the importance of colleges immediately gets discarded. Next, it cannot be said that Bird’s article should be totally condemned or agonized since it lacks ground because concerning the common practice active presently among parents and students to waste wads of cash only after colleges’ or universities’ names, the possibility of a college to turn out to be a waste of cash and time may arise. This is because many times the real purpose of learning is lost when more attention is paid to the college’s name than on a student’s individual personality. It is an undeniable reality that a student who has the tendency to maintain lazy or defiant attitude and bad habits will remain just the same and behave as pathetically as a student even if he/she be enrolled at some of the most prestigious institution. In such cases, go ing to college does turn out to be a futile effort and a college definitely becomes a waste of time and money for such students, but Bird does not antagonize the conventional method of college based learning on this basis alone as she is seen going to different lengths in her article to nullify the concept of colleges for acquiring knowledge. Now, a college is seen by the vast majority of people as the central pillar or the support system upon which the whole building of learning could be supported. Bird disagrees openly from all such thinkers here. The argument used by her to antagonize the established thinking approach is that most of the students enrolled at different colleges in the present times have absolutely no sense of purpose as to why they are there in the college in the first place. This means that a student personally rarely ever has any strong motivation about staying in a particular college to learn. Most of them are just there because their mothers or fathers wanted them to be there or because their families wanted to show off to other relatives or friends about their son or daughter learning in some prestigious institution. Now, this can be passed off as a justified point brought up by Bird because students should personally be strongly motivated for going to colleges to learn and not only should they acknowledge this motivation but should also know how to defend their choice of going to colleges for learning. Next major point addressed by Bird in her article is that special attention should be paid to the real reason behind the
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Psychological Perspectives of Understanding Essay Example for Free
Psychological Perspectives of Understanding Essay Introduction This booklet will introduce you to the main psychological perspectives to the understanding of a child’s behaviour development. Each perspective will be described in as much detail as possible, and the theorist that are linked to them. The main perspectives are; * Psychodynamic * Freud * Behaviourist * Skinner * Cognitive * Piget * Humanist * Rogers, Maslow, Cooley and mead * Social learning The psychodynamic perspective This perspective is very much based on the early work of Sigmund Freud. It is believed that behaviour is made from a child’s subconscious feelings, which all come from life experiences. It is viewed as a child’s problem as an outward and visible symptom of invisible conflicts. All the conflicts may come from trauma, loss, or from a strained/troubled relationship with parents or carers. Children do not have any inner resources that help them understand their feelings completely so they may be shown in inappropriate and difficult behaviour. Sigmund Freud said that â€Å"when a child’s too painful or too difficult feelings are left untalked about, they leak out in difficult and challenging behaviour or in neurotic symptoms.†The source of a painful feeling is buried under a defensive mechanism that is very hard to find in a child; because of this most children do not understand why they are behaving this way. A psychodynamic assessments are always carried out by psychiatrist as they use techniques that are designed to provide an insight into their past. To do this they use the response of the child to make inferences about sub-conscious motives for behaviour. Once they have understood the child’s behaviour the psychologists will start an intervention which will help the child express their feelings instead of it coming through their behaviour. These can be done through the following; * Build a supportive relationship with a significant adult * Help the child to talk about what they are feeling in an secure environment * Express painful feeling through drama, storytelling, play or cartoons The behaviourist perspective This perspective is based from the work Skinner. It was said â€Å"Law of Effect†is the behaviour that leads to strengthened behaviour which is ignored or unsatisfying which is all weakened. Behaviourists claim that all behaviour of children are learned and can be changed by systems, such as rewards or punishment. There are two types of rewards behaviourists use, these are informal and formal. * Informal – acknowledgement or praise * Formal – clear targets for example stickers, tokens or points which all then lead to bigger rewards. The behaviourists also claimed that the behaviour requires a scientific approach which is completely based on objectivity and experimentation. The methods they were use were considered to be unscientific, so instead it was all placed on observations on their behaviour rather than a searches for the cause of the behaviour through the child’s past. Behavioural assessments in schools involve observation and recording of a child’s behaviour. When they are observing it is all taken down on an observation checklist, which includes the following titles; * Antecedent * Behaviour * Consequences All this is then used to form a baseline for a post-intervention can be assessed. The Cognitive perspective This perspective shows how a child’s develops understanding what is around them. This refers to different mental activities such as; * Listening * Speaking * Learning * Understanding All the theories of cognitive development concentrate on developments of their intellectual skills. All the skills that we have are the ones that have been learnt through cognitive development. If none of the children have cognitive skills then they wouldn’t be able to put past experiences or plan future events, cognitive development is very much concerned with how the mental processes work and develop. There were two psychologists who studied cognitive development, there name was Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Jean Piaget was a psychologist who looked at a child’s developing their reasoning skills. Piaget carried out detailed observations of them and as his work started taking shape on how our understanding a child’s intellectual skills and as a result of this he has made changes in education. Piaget understood that cognitive developments occurred in stages, his research concentrated on how children learn and start to gain an understanding of their stage of development to be able to learn new concepts. He identified a four-stage process of cognitive development all the way through childhood. He stated that every child would go through each stage but not at the same time, but he also said that some children would sometimes never reach the later stages. The four stages are; * Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) * Children at very young ages start to learn by their own activity and movement. Everything babies touch or see they put into their mouths or hold them tight and they examine them closely. A child develops an understanding through something called schema. Schema is a mental construction which contains all the information a child has about a particular aspect of the world. * Pre-operational stage (2-7 years) * At this stage children start to show evidence of thinking but it’s not logical thinking, they are not able to perform mental operations. Children will start to use symbolic behaviour such as pretend play, language and drawings. * Concrete operations stage (7-11 years) * At this stage children are able to understand any ideas in a much more logical way but they sometimes still find it hard to understand concepts. * Formal operational stage (age 12 to adult) * At this stage children are able to think in a way which is more abstract and logical way, they can use reasoning skills; they are applying a general principle to a particular situation. Children are more flexible in the way they think. There are two people who have been highly interested in cognitive styles of therapy. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck has used methods of cognitive behavioural therapy to treat many people who have or are suicidal, depressed or may have personality disorders. Whereas Albert Ellis looked at the different ways to change their behaviour my using methods of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy, he used this to show his patients that their feelings were results of different habits by conditioning rather than being realistic. Therapists that use this approach use training and role-play techniques to modify their behaviour. The humanist perspective This perspective makes positive aspects of development and growth, this emphasises a person’s unique experiences to a personal thoughts. There are four psychologists that are specialised in this perspective, these four are; * Carl Rogers * Rogers developed the concept on self-esteem. According to him everyone has an idea of what someone’s ideal self should be. He believed that if your image of your self is the same as your ideal self then you have good self-esteem. Rogers said that the development of self-esteem all depends on positive regard from others, the effect of a child’s self-esteem will come from their parents’ unconditional love and affection. Children will start to cope with different situations as they get older, for example a sense of achievement or failure in either sports or their educational skills. Rogers also considered cultural factors, gender and physical attributes to come to his conclusion. * Abraham Maslow * Maslow’s theory is based on individuals that are being motivated through seeking to develop through five levels of need. The most basic needs are physiological which are survival instinct, which is then followed by safety needs, belonging and loving needs, self-esteem needs and at the very top is personals achievements and growth. * Cooley * Cooley proposed â€Å"looking glass†theory, which means that the behaviour from children to others acts like a looking glass which gives us a reflection of ourselves. It raises people’s self-esteem. * Mead * Mead had the view that everyone has two aspects â€Å"I†and â€Å"me†. This means that â€Å"I†is the social responses of individual and â€Å"me†being the responses and attitudes of others. It was important of the communication with others for the development of self-esteem. The Social learning perspective Social psychology looks at aspects of development such as behaviour such as being in a group, leadership, non-verbal behaviour and aggression. The social perspective looks at the environment, interactions with others that have influenced the child’s behaviour and attitudes. Bandura theory emphasises on the environment and the social steps of learning. His view is that it would be part of a child’s self development, is what they have observed and imitated from people around them.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Michael Moores ‘Bowling for Columbine’ Essay -- Michael Moore, Bowlin
Michael Moore was born on April 23rd 1954. He’s An American film maker, author and a liberal political commentator. He has directed and produced four of the eight highest grossing documentaries of all time. In 2005 Time Magazine named Moore one of the world’s ‘Hundred most influential people’. The documentary ‘Bowling for Columbine’ explores the possible causes for the Columbine High School massacre. It has won the ‘Best Documentary feature’ at both the Academy and Independent Spirit Awards, together with the CÃ ©sar award for ‘best foreign films’. In this sequence we see American fighter jets dropping bombs on residential areas of a village in Kosovo. Then the American President, Bill Clinton, says they are ‘trying not to hurt innocent civilians’. Following this there’s a caption reading ‘one hour later’ with the President talking about the shooting at Columbine High School, now a transition occurs where the screen fades to a picture of the schools entrance, showing a plaque which reads ‘Columbine High School-Home of the Rebels. The video changes to a subjective point of view shot, showing someone walking into school while the audio is of a sad, acoustic guitar. As the person walks through the school with his camera he ironically stops and takes footage of a soldier with a gun in his hand. CCTV (close circuit television) footage is then shown of the children at the school scurrying around trying to protect themselves from the onslaught of ammunition and explosives. A shot of Eric Harris a nd Dylan Klebold firing rounds of ammunition and throwing grenades around the hall is followed, during this a telephone call to the emergency services from Eric’s father saying that his son was involved in the shooting is played over the top. We... ... also exposes the U.S government because when President Clinton states that ‘they are trying to minimise the civilian casualties’, he ‘forgets’ to say that the Americans targeted hospitals and primary schools. If I was an American I would feel disgraced and ashamed of my people. Michael Moore uses all the techniques of film making like location, lighting and body language to help the viewers identify the genre and context of the film. He produces a brilliant and enthralling documentary on the Columbine shooting. I think the sequence is quite thought provoking. Perhaps it’s just a subtle reminder for us to stop and think for a moment if we are heading in the right direction or should we turn a blind eye to whatever is happening around us? My opinion is that such violence, the use of guns and ammunition, should be totally condemned in any part of the world.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Ethical Issues in Marketing
TABLE OF CONTENT S. NO| Particulars| Page no| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY| 5| 2. | INTRODUCTIONETHICAL ISSUES IN MARKETING| 6| 3. | FAMOUS CASES(UNETHICAL MARKETING PRACTICES)| 9| 4. | PRIMARY STUDY| 12| 5. | REPRESENTATION OF DATA| 13| 6. | INTERPRETETION| 23| 7. | RECCOMENDATION| 24| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines the concept of ethics in marketing and the famous cases that have emerged in the past regarding unethical marketing practices by businesses. hrough this report we have also tried to find out how sensitive are the common people to the issue of ethics in advertisements and how do they perceive the contents shown in the advertisements nowdays. For this purpose we had conducted a study amonga sample of 50 students of age group 20 to 24 yrs. The research tool used in the study was that of a questionnaire. The study reveals that while most of the people are sensitive to the issue of unethical advertisements, there are also a few who believe that nothing much can be done in t his respect and are a little ignorant towards such issues. They have been and will continue purchasing a brand even after perceiving its advertisement as unethical. Our recommendations to the companies that deal in such practices is that they should thrive to stick to their ethics and moral value and instead should concentrate on providing their customers with such services and products that will add value to them and their lives. MARKETING AND ETHICS Marketing industry is a very broad industry and also one of the core business functions that every business enterprise practices in order to effectively cater to the needs of the customers. arketing leaders thrive to create the look and feel of a brand and to make strategies to engage and inform customers about the same. for this purpose the marketers are today using print ,electronic and social media as their vehicles,as these mediums are pervasive and their powerful forces shape attitudes and behavior in today's world. The reason for this is the tremendous growth and development in the field of  Information and Communication technologies. If yesterday it was television that revolutionized the way advertisements could create a lasting impact on the consumer, then today the internet and phone text messages are doing just the same. also , Rapid economic expansions in countries like China and India have meant that marketers have to quickly respond to the changing socio-economic scenarios. But at the same time these developments have given rise to a number of ethical issues. the globe is indeed becoming a smaller place but the marketers have to bear in mind national, local and cultural sensitivities. Very often, in the hope of capturing a large share , marketers jump in new markets without keeping in mind ethnic and social issues associated to certain areas. marketers today ignore and exploit the social sentiments and factors of the customer groups ,in order to maximise their profits and make fast bucks. this leads them to engage in unethical marketing practices. unethical marketing decisions can be made in following marketing areas: * Supply chain * Advertising * Pricing * Product Supply chain: Only being an ethical company is not sufficient. These days, leading brands are judged by the company they keep. Consumers, investors, business partners, regulators, and media organizations now expect a company and its entire supply chain to be ethical. every company is a part of a supply chain since almost every company buys unfinished inputs provided by many other companies before refining them and passing the finished goods to the consumers. Supply-chain management is a strategic issue. It has an effect on a company's brand and it now concerns managers and board members. Excellent companies are the most ethical in their practices . Excellent companies lead on best practices. A business is said to be having an unethical supply chain if any of the elements of its supply chain ie suppliers/contractors/distributers/sales agents are practising unethical practices like, use of child labour or forced labour, production in sweatshops, violation of basic rights of workers, ignoring health safety and environmental standards. Advertising: Advertising is the most important tool for marketers to promote their products and to make the consumers aware about the same. Advertisements play an important role in inclining and attracting the potential customers towards the product. However nowdays advertisements are under scrutiny for being unethical. Unethical advertisements include misleading advertisements that make false claims, obscene /offensive and indecent ads that hurt religious or social sentiments of people. To sum up, some of the ethical issues in advertising are: Vulgarity/obscenity Misleading advertisements and deception Puffery Stereotype Racial issues Feature of Unethical advertisement on television has been a hot issue in the past days in our country,with the Advertising Standard Council of India receiving 777 complaints regarding 190 ads. it has been discussed later in the project and also a primary study has been conducted regarding the ethics in advertisements in our project. Pricing: Pricing is a very important part of marketing mix and is a decision of strategic nature. a company has to do sufficient amount of analysis to decide on the priceof its product. ompanies can sometime deal in unethical and even illegal pricing. Unethical pricing practices cause customers to believe that the price they pay for some unit of value in a product or service is lower than it really is. This might also include making false price comparisons, providing misleading suggested selling prices, omitting important conditions of the sale, or making very low price offers available only when other items are purchased as well. other unethical pricing stratgies include: price discrimination,price skimming,price fixing. Product: Several product-related issues raise questions about ethics in marketing, most often concerning the quality of products and services provided. Among the most frequently voiced complaints are ones about products that are unsafe, that are of poor quality in construction or content, that do not contain what is promoted, or that go out of style or become obsolete before they actually need replacing. An organization that markets poor-quality or unsafe products is taking the chance that it will develop a reputation for poor products or service. False or greatly exaggerated product or service claims are also deceptive. When packages are intentionally mislabeled as to contents, size, weight, or use information, that constitutes deceptive packaging. Selling hazardous or defective products without disclosing the dangers, failing to perform promised services, and not honoring warranty obligations are also considered deception. Other product related issues include animal testing and manufacturing products that harm the ecology and environment and exploit the already scarce natural resources. FAMOUS CASES LOREAL (UNETHICAL ADVERTISEMENT AND PROMOTION STRATEGY) Loreal is amongst the biggest brand names in personal care and beauty products in the world with a huge line of products and brands under its umbrella ,operating in over 130 countries around the world. However this company has been in news recently ,but for wrong reasons. The company has been time and again been accused of airbrushing its models in order to make them look fairer. The latest addition in its line of controversies is its advertisement that features indian origin actress Freida Pinto. This ad has created controversies because of the fact that the actress appears to be airbrushed as her skin tone has been lightened . Earlier same controversy of airbrushing happenend when singer Beyonce featured in one of Loreal’s ad. The company is seemingly promoting fair skin tones as compared to dark skin tones and is inculcating a sense of insecurity amongst women around the world with regard to their complexion. another case of Loreal’s criticism over fakery in its advertising is of year 2007. the company was condemned for producing ‘misleading' mascara adverts featuring Penelope Cruz. The TV and magazine advertisements claimed that women could have up to 60 per cent longer eyelashes with its Telescopic mascara. But actually it was later revealed that Cruz was wearing false eyelashes in the ads for Telescopic, and the company was forced to include disclaimers during its advertisements making such issues clear. It is for these reasons that the company is viewed by activists as the face of modern consumerism – a company that tested its cosmetics on animals, exploited the sexuality of women, and sold their products by making women feel insecure. Moreover, Nestle owned 26 percent of L'Oreal. Nestle was one of the most boycotted companies in the world for its alleged unethical business practices and aggressive promotion of baby milk in developing countries as discussed above. NIKE AND APPLE INC. (UNETHICAL SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICE) Nike  has been accused of having a history of using sweatshops, a sweatshop is a working environment or manufacturing centre where the working environment is considered to be dangerous and difficult because workers can be exposed to hazardous materials, harmful situations, extreme temperatures, and abuse from employers. Sweatshop workers often work long days, sometimes exceeding 14 hours, and earn pay far below a living age. In 1990s ,Nike’s suppliers in developing countries like indonesia,china and vietnam operated sweatshops in which the workers were made to work in hazardous conditions with minimal wages. this case is an ideal example of unethical supply chain in marketing. a brand as big and famous as Nike has been associated with unethical practise in this particular field of marketing. It was unbelievable and shocking on part of the people who were its loyal customers. The company initially denied all such accusitions and then in the year 2001 a very irresponsible statement was made by Nike director Tom McKean saying that the company cannot control what goes on around the world as they do not own these factories. Another famous company involved in a similar unethical practise is Apple Inc. in the year 2010 ,one of Apple’s suppliers in china was accused of using child labor. since companies are under immense pressure to find lowest cost providers ,they end up dealing with suppliers in developing countries like china ,where such unethical practises are common. o this Steve Jobs (Apple head) said that this was not merely Apple’s problem but a world problem with regard to priorities and a lack of enforcement by local agencies in various deneloping nations. Too many companies are turning blind eye towards their suppliers and end up being associated with unethical business practices. May be this is the reason why Apple ,one of the most imag e conscious and credible company could not escape this trap. NESTLE (UNETHICAL AND IMMORAL PRODUCT ) Nestle a big name in FMCG industry ,has been involved in numerous unethical marketing practices. This company was highly criticed for its disregard for the health of infants shown by its irresponsible marketing of breast milk substitutes. it had been continously breaching the WHO code regulating the marketing of breast milk substitutes. it encouraged bottle feeding and carried on promotional and advertising activities for its baby foods by giving away free samples of baby milk to hospitals . also the company was accused of misinforming mothers and healthworkers during its promotions. It stated that malnourished mothers and mothers of twins and premature babies were unable to breastfeed ,despite health organisations claimimg that threre was no evidence to support such theory. Nestle advertised directly to mothers in over twenty countries such as thailand and south africa. Also the baby foods/milk product were sold in the market without any health warning and even instuctions on the packaging an if present they were in an inappropriate language. Thus company violated the code regulating the marketing of baby milk formulas. According to WHO bottle fed babies are up to ten times more likely to develop gastro intestinal infections. Therefore this company till date is highly criticised for its unethical practice of immoral marketing and promotion of an unethical product. Other accusitions of the company include exploitation of workers at its Brazil chocolate plant including dicrimination of women workers and supporting brutal and repressive regimes MICROSOFT (PRODUCT BUNDLING CASE) Microsoft is a large diversified computer software manufacturer with one of the highest valuations in the world. Microsoft produces the Windows family of operating systems for personal computers and servers. It also produces applications software that run on the Windows family of operating systems, most notably the very successful MS- Office Suite. Almost all Microsoft products are complementary to a member of the Windows family of operating systems for personal computers and servers. United states Vs Microsoft was a civil action filed against Microsoft Corporation by United States Department Of Justice(DOJ). The allegation on Microsoft was that it abused monopoly power on Intel-based personal computers. The issue central to the case was that whether Microsoft should bundle its Internet Explorer web browser software with its Microsoft Windows Operating System. Bundling IE with the operating system was considered as a victory of Microsoft in the browsers war as all the Windows users had a copy of IE which had started restricting the sales of the other web browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Opera which were slow to download or had to b purchased at a store. Microsoft said that the bundling of IE with Windows was an innovation and the result of competiton and that now both were a same product. The opposition said that IE should not b bundled with Windows as a separate version of IE was available for Mac OS. They also countered that IE was actually not free with Windows as its development and marketing costs must have increased the price of Windows than what it might actually have been. This had put up a question that whether Microsoft was unethical in bundling its product or was it an innovation. Was it right to increase the sales by almost stopping the sales of others? The strategy which Microsoft adopted was not ethical as the others were suffering because of this and had no choice left before them. Hence what Microsoft did was against the ethics of the marketplace. RESEARCH STUDY (ADVERTISEMENTS AND ETHICS) In this project we have attempted to conduct a research concerning the public's opinion about the level of ethics in advertising. Through this study we want to address the problem of the level of ethics in advertisements nowadays and what is the people’s reaction and how sensitive they are towards the issue of ethics in advertising. For the purpose of this study, questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 50 students and were asked to give their honest opinion regarding this issue. DATA REPRESENTATION Q. Do Advertisement shows an accurate view of reality? Here , 15 people strongly disagree with the situation that advertisement shows exact reality and 10 people are strongly agreeing and 10 are disagreeing with the situation which shows that every individual is having different opinion according to their thinking. Q. Do you think general television advertisements promote materialism? In this out of 50 respondents , 27 respondents think that advertisements promote materialism while other 22 people think they don’t Q. How do you view the level of ethics in general advertising? Q. Which off the following issues in general advertising would you consider being unethical ? A relatively mixed reaction is noticed in this answer. while majority believed that they perceived â€Å"lack of trust†issue in advertisement as unethical. A good lot also believed that advertisements of cigrattes and alcoholic beverages were also unethical. Q. Mention a brand name in front of the product categories mention below ? Q Would you still buy the same brand of shoes if that company is dealing in wrong practices ? For e. g. child labor 43 of sample respondents said that they will not purchase a particular brand having known that the brand deals in unethical practise. Q. Have you ever decided not to buy a product or a service due to an advertisement that you perceived as unethical? 19 respondents said they have not purchased a product having perceived its advertisement as unethical while the majority continued purchasing . Q . Is it fine to use unethical practices to increase profitability of the company? Almost all the respondents believe that it is not right for business houses to engage in unethical practices to maximise their profits. INTERPRETETION AND CONCLUSION The survey done through the distribution of questionnaires revealed following facts: The students interviewed believe that advertisements today have a very unreal appeal to them and do not promote reality while there are a few who also believe that advertisements present a true picture of the real world. The students also believe that advertisements do promote materialism but there was a mixed reaction when asked whether such promotion is ethical. However majority of the people failed to justify their answer and give valid reasons for the same. A huge number of them also think that advertisements do not promote materialism. Also people’s view regarding the level of ethics in the general advertisements was very generalised, for them ethcal level in advertisements is neither too high nor too low. As far as unethical advertisements are concerned, for a majority lot, advertisements which lack trust quotient and are highly exaggerated and misleading are the most unethical. While for others, advertisements promoting cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are also unethical . When asked to name a brand that hit their minds instantaneously corosponding to the products : shoes,deodorant,fainess cream and mobile phone, people had different brand names in their minds as their favourites (most of them being big names). In continuation of this question, respondents were asked if they would still purchase the same brand if they discovered that the brand was associated with unethical practices. To this their response was predictable as most of them refused while a few were not sure. Majority of the respondents have responded that they have decided not to buy a product ,if they have perceived its advertisement as unethical . this shows that a lot of people are sensitive to such issues and have expressed threir dissatisfaction by discontinuing their purchase. While some of the respondents were ignorant and continued purchase. On the other hand most of the respondents believe that it is not right for companies to compromise on their ethical values in order to achieve high profits. RECOMMENDATIONS Considering the high level of unethical issues that are emerging everyday, businesses need to realise that they have to find an alternate to unethical practices. They need to realise that unfair practicse may help them earn profits faster,but the profitability would not last for long . The consumers today are becoming highly aware and such issues cannot escape their knowledge. Thus it is better if companies should strive for using ethical marketing practices . they should Focus on providing good products with lots of benefits, and in this way they will be able to make their marketing honest and irresistible for the customers. They shoiuld make sure there is always an exchange of value between two parties with their marketing efforts. Business houses should keep in mind that business tactics should always be ethical. hey should be persuading a person to buy a product because they really need it, and when the companies are certain that this product will bring value into their lives. Ethical business practice is the ability to truly give somebody the power of choice, and not forcefully loading a product onto the customers, which they know in the back of their minds they will never have any use for. QUESTIONNAIRE NAME:- AGE:- Q1) Advertisement shows an accurate view of reality? a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly disagree ) No opinion Q2) Do you think general television advertisements promote materialism? a) yes b) No c) Can’t say Q3) if yes, do you perceive it as ethical or unethical and why? Q4) How do you view the level of ethics in general advertising? a) Very high b) High c) Average d) low e) Very low Q5) Which off the following issues in general advertising would you consider being unethical ? a) creation of irrational desires , and needs b) comparative advertisement c) advertisement with lack of truth d) puffery ( increased value or attributes) e) alcoholic beverage advertisement ) cigarette and tobacco advertisement Q6) Mention a brand name in front of the product categories mention below ? a) shoes b) fairness cream c) deodrant d) mobile phone Q7) Would you still buy the same brand of shoes if that company is dealing in wrong practices ? for e. g child labour a) yes b) no c) cant say Q8) Have you ever decided not to buy a product or a service due to an advertisement that you perceived as unethical? a) yes b) no Q 9) Is it fine to use unethical practices to increase profitability of the company ? a) Yes b) No c) Can’t say
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Introduction to Duty of Care in Health, Social Care or Children’s
CT235: Introduction to duty of care in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings (level 2) Overview Introduction The assignment for unit CT235 asks you to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the principles for duty of care in health, social care or children’s and young peoples settings. The assignment is designed to ensure that by completing all the tasks, you will meet the learning outcomes and assessment criteria for this unit. Tasks There are three tasks to this assignment. Task A : short answer questions Task B: complete table Task C : short answer questions Task A: 1.Understand how duty of care contributes to safe practice Please answer the following: 1. What does duty of care mean in adult settings? (Ref:1. 1) The duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care. It applies to everyone, organisations, even if not directly involved with the person and ensur es the safeguarding of you and others whom you support. 2. Describe how this affects your own job role (Ref 1. 2) We are here to ‘look after’ vulnerable adults and we have a duty to protect and serve the service users to the best of our ability. Related reading: Explain Legal and Organisational Requirements for Dealing With ComplaintsTask B: 2. Know how to address conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between an individuals rights and your duty of care Complete the following table: Example of potential conflict or dilemma (Ref: 2. 1)Where to get additional support and advice (Ref 2. 2) 1. A resident who is refusing to eat or drink anything Try to persuade them to eat or drink, calmly explain the importance of them eating and drinking, if that fails report to a senior member of staff and document the situation. 2. A resident who is being violent, abusive or un-cooperative.Give them time to calm down , be patient and try and make them feel safe and supported. Maybe there’s a reason behind the abuse and violence? Try and get to the bottom of it?. Talk to a senior member of staff and document the episodes maybe there’s a pattern. 3. A resident is refusing to shower or wash or have their clothes changed. Calmly expla in the importance of washing and personal hygiene see if it helps if not document and report to a senior member of staff. Task C: 3. Know how to respond to complaints. For this task please explain the following: 1.The main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints in adult settings (3. 1) Policies and procedures are in place to be followed, we have a complaints procedure which is easily accessible to service users and their prospective families. We have them easily accessible so that the service users know that they have a right to have an opinion and there are ways for them to be heard. 2. How would you respond to a complaint (3. 2) Following the complaints procedure I would report the complaint to a senior member of staff and document the complaint as necessary. Introduction to Duty of Care in Health, Social Care or Children’s CT235: Introduction to duty of care in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings (level 2) Overview Introduction The assignment for unit CT235 asks you to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the principles for duty of care in health, social care or children’s and young peoples settings. The assignment is designed to ensure that by completing all the tasks, you will meet the learning outcomes and assessment criteria for this unit. Tasks There are three tasks to this assignment. Task A : short answer questions Task B: complete table Task C : short answer questions Task A: 1.Understand how duty of care contributes to safe practice Please answer the following: 1. What does duty of care mean in adult settings? (Ref:1. 1) The duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care. It applies to everyone, organisations, even if not directly involved with the person and ensur es the safeguarding of you and others whom you support. 2. Describe how this affects your own job role (Ref 1. 2) We are here to ‘look after’ vulnerable adults and we have a duty to protect and serve the service users to the best of our ability. Related reading: Explain Legal and Organisational Requirements for Dealing With ComplaintsTask B: 2. Know how to address conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between an individuals rights and your duty of care Complete the following table: Example of potential conflict or dilemma (Ref: 2. 1)Where to get additional support and advice (Ref 2. 2) 1. A resident who is refusing to eat or drink anything Try to persuade them to eat or drink, calmly explain the importance of them eating and drinking, if that fails report to a senior member of staff and document the situation. 2. A resident who is being violent, abusive or un-cooperative.Give them time to calm down , be patient and try and make them feel safe and supported. Maybe there’s a reason behind the abuse and violence? Try and get to the bottom of it?. Talk to a senior member of staff and document the episodes maybe there’s a pattern. 3. A resident is refusing to shower or wash or have their clothes changed. Calmly expla in the importance of washing and personal hygiene see if it helps if not document and report to a senior member of staff. Task C: 3. Know how to respond to complaints. For this task please explain the following: 1.The main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints in adult settings (3. 1) Policies and procedures are in place to be followed, we have a complaints procedure which is easily accessible to service users and their prospective families. We have them easily accessible so that the service users know that they have a right to have an opinion and there are ways for them to be heard. 2. How would you respond to a complaint (3. 2) Following the complaints procedure I would report the complaint to a senior member of staff and document the complaint as necessary.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Infancy and Early Childhood Paper Essays
Infancy and Early Childhood Paper Essays Infancy and Early Childhood Paper Essay Infancy and Early Childhood Paper Essay I believe Piaget’s theory of cognitive development best explains the cognitive development both in babyhood and early childhood. His theory is explained by a theory of cognitive organisation called strategies. Schemes are the actions or mental representations that organize knowledge ( Santrock. 2008. p. 94 ) . Harmonizing to his theory. strategies change with age ; in other words. they are action-based ( motor forms ) at first and so bit by bit change to a mental ( believing ) degree. There are several cardinal footings that explain Piaget’s procedure of developmental alteration ; those include version. assimilation. adjustment. organisation. and equilibration. Sensorimotor phase is the first of the Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. It lasts from birth to the about 2 old ages of age. where consciousness of the universe is limited to what can be known through centripetal consciousness and motor Acts of the Apostless. Furthermore. Piaget divided the sensorimotor phase into six sub-stages: 1 ) simple physiological reactions ; ( 2 ) first wonts and primary round reactions ; ( 3 ) secondary round reactions ; ( 4 ) coordination of secondary round reactions ; ( 5 ) third round reactions. freshness. and wonder ; and ( 6 ) internalisation of strategies ( Santrock. 2008. p. 96 ) . Reflexive Schemes: this is present in neonates. Initially. the infant’s actions are coordinated through automatic behaviours. such as rooting and suction. But bit by bit the baby produces behaviours that resemble physiological reactions in the absence of the usual stimulation for the physiological reaction ( Santrock. 2008 ) . Primary round reactions: it develops between 1 and 4 months of age. In this phase. babies begin to accommodate their physiological reactions to their environment ; simple motor wonts are centered around ain organic structure ( Caulfield. 2001 ) Secondary round reactions: it develops between 4 and 8 months of age. The focal point of infants’ geographic expedition craps to external events. Babies develop consciousness that objects continue to be even when non in sight at about 8 months of age ( Caulfield. 2001 ) Coordination of secondary round reactions: develops between 8 and 12 months of age. Babies begin to show knowing behaviour and anticipate events ; they coordinate separate actions to accomplish desired ends ( Caulfield. 2001 ) . Tertiary round reactions: develops between 12 and 18 months of age. Babies reach an advanced degree of proficiency ; they begin to research belongingss of objects through fresh actions ( Caulfield. 2001 ) . Internalization of strategies: develops between 18 and 24 months of age. Their ability to stand for the external universe internally begins to develop. besides called as symbolic representation. Besides. deferred imitation. the ability to retain and copy a representation of an ascertained behaviour. begins to develop ( Caulfield. 2001 ) . I besides believe Piaget’s theory best explains the cognitive development in early childhood every bit good. His Preoperational period. the 2nd phase of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development stopping points from about 2 to 7 old ages of age. In this age. children Begin to stand for the universe with words. images. and drawings. Not merely that. they begin to organize stable constructs and embark on reasoning ( Santrock. 2008. p. 145 ) . Besides. egocentricism ( inability to separate between one’s ain position and person else’s position ) and charming beliefs besides begin to play a function in child’s cognitive development. There are different sub-stages of the preoperational phase. Symbolic map sub-stage is the first sub-stage of the pre-operational idea. In this phase. the kid has the capableness to mentally stand for an object that is non physically present. This phase occurs between the ages of 2 and 4 old ages of age. The Intuitive Thought Sub-stage. the 2nd sub-stage of preoperational idea that by and large occurs between 4 and 7 old ages of age. In this phase. kids are tempted to inquire many inquiries. In other words. one of the most outstanding words for the kids around this age is why . There are many similarities and differences between the Piaget’s theory of cognitive development that explains babyhood and early childhood. Similarities Both the selected theories that I believe best describes cognitive development in babyhood and early childhood semen from Piaget. Both theories have phases ( Sensorimotor and preoperational ) and are farther divided into sub-stages. Both theories rely on the premise that babies and kids actively construct an apprehension of the universe. Both theories give a clip frame of when the phases and the sub- phases occurBoth theories have restrictions. Differences Sensorimotor phase trades with babies from birth to 2 old ages of age and Preoperational phase trades with early childhood that by and large occurs between the ages of 2 and 7. Sensorimotor is the phase one of the Piaget’s theory of cognitive development ; whereas preoperational period is stage two of his theory. The restriction of the sensorimotor stages remainders on the truth of the timing of the events that Piaget mentioned ; whereas the restriction of the Pre-operational idea remainders on the constructs such as centration and preservation. Therefore. in this paper. I have considered Piaget’s theory to explicate cognitive development in both babyhood and early childhood. I have besides considered the similarities and differences between the two theories. Mentions Caulfield. R. A. ( 2001 ) . Babies and yearlings. Upper Saddle River. New jersey: Prentice HallSantrock. J. W. ( 2008 ) . Necessities of life-span development. New york: McGraw-Hill.
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
List of Elements That Are Nonmetals
List of Elements That Are Nonmetals The nonmetals are a group of elements located on the right side of the periodic table (except for hydrogen, which is on the top left). They are are also known as non-metals. These elements are distinctive in that they typically have low melting and boiling points, dont conduct heat or electricity very well, and tend to have high ionization energies and electronegativity values. They also dont have the shiny metallic appearance associated with the metals. While the metals are malleable and ductile, the nonmetals tend to form brittle solids. The nonmetals tend to gain electrons readily to fill their valence electrons shells, so their atoms often form negative-charged ions. Atoms of these elements have oxidation numbers of /- 4, -3, and -2. List of Nonmetals (Element Group) There are 7 elements that belong to the nonmetals group: Hydrogen (sometimes considered an alkali metal)CarbonNitrogenOxygenPhosphorusSulfurSelenium Although these are the elements in the group nonmetals, there are two additional element groups that could be included, since the halogens and noble gases also are types of nonmetals. List of All Elements That Are Nonmetals So, if we include the nonmetals group, halogens, and noble gases, all of the elements that are nonmetals are: Hydrogen (sometimes)CarbonNitrogenOxygenPhosphorusSulfurSeleniumFluorineChlorineBromineIodineAstatineTennessine (sometimes considered a halogen or metalloid)HeliumNeonArgonKryptonXenonRadonOganesson (possibly behaves as a noble gas, except it wont be a gas under ordinary conditions) Metallic Nonmetals Nonmetals are classified as such based on their properties under ordinary conditions. Metallic character isnt an all-or-nothing property. Carbon, for example, has allotropes that behave more like metals than nonmetals. Sometimes this element is considered to be a metalloid rather than a nonmetal. Hydrogen acts as an alkali metal under extreme pressure. Even oxygen has a metallic form as a solid. Significance of the Nonmetals Element Group Even though there are only 7 elements within the nonmetals group, two of these elements (hydrogen and helium) make up over 99% of the mass of the universe. Nonmetals form more compounds than metals. Living organisms consist mainly of nonmetals.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Weekly Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Weekly Journal - Essay Example After reviewing our procedures, I became increasingly impressed by their effectiveness. I became more conscious of the means we use make our parents and clients comfortable, and the necessity for incorporating that into the educational environment. I considered how it’s necessary to establish a friendly environment by staging the initial meeting in a comfortable library room with a fire place. This removes the issue of being over authoritarian. In my own experience with language learning I remember "No hacer gestos obscenos", and how I figured out "gestos" means gestures and "obsenos" is obscene, intuitively using cognates. The articles motivated me to begin web searches to obtain lists of cognates and to look for additional methods for implementing them while working with ELL learners. I’d like to develop a lesson plan that would appeal to Junior and High School language-learners, rather than just primary students. My theory is that within the lesson on cognates the actual nature of grammatical differences between the languages could be addressed. For instance, pointing out to students that English allows consonant endings where in Spanish you will consistently see cognates ending in vowels. This is a key distinction in the Helman article and I believe consistently addressing this in lessons, as a supplement to the lesson on cognates, would be of great effectiveness to older students. As I compiled a list of words that will be helpful to students, I developed a new understanding and empathy for ELL learners. I realized first-hand the effort it takes to complete work in a language that isnt my own, and how it is very easy to discredit the home language. Attempting to do class work in a foreign language, acquire vocabulary and develop proper syntax in a foreign tongue is intensely challenging and all methods of sheltering should be used to promote cultural
Friday, November 1, 2019
Polyurethane heart valves - current development and technical Essay
Polyurethane heart valves - current development and technical challenges - Essay Example Recently, a polyurethane tri-leaflet valve has been developed. This valve has three, thin polyurethane leaflets of approximately 100 µm thickness, which are suspended from the inside of a flexible polyurethane frame. In the closed position, the valve is elliptical in the radial direction and hyperbolic in the circumferential direction. Hydrodynamic tests have shown that the polyurethane valve exhibits pressure gradients similar to those for a bioprosthetic valve, and lesser regurgitation and leakage than a bileaflet mechanical valve or the bioprosthetic valve. Accelerated fatigue tests have shown six consecutively manufactured polyurethane valves to have exceeded the equivalent of 10 years function without failure, and three valves have reached 527 million cycles (approximately 13 years equivalent). The only failure occurred after the equivalent of approximately 12 years cycling (Gonzà ¡lez, et al., 2003). A new family of polymers, called the segmented polyurethane elastomers display high flexure endurance, strength, and inherent non-thrombogenic characteristics (Gonzà ¡lez, et al., 2003). polyurethanes, EV3.34 and EV3.35, to manufacture a flexible trileaflet heart valve. This valve was implanted in 12 young adult (18 month) sheep in the mitral position. At 6 months, six valves were electively explanted while the remaining six valves were explanted at 9 months follow-up. Surface Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR/FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the leaflet material. The leaflet was also put through cyclic mechanical testing and was compared with non-implanted control material, to see if there was any change in mechanical properties during implantation. There was no degradation of functional groups. The study also observed that EV3.35 might have superior long-term fatigue properties. It has a two-phase microstructure of hard
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